Research article    |    Open Access
Base for Electronic Educational Sciences 2025, Vol. 6(1) 36-57

Family Relationships of Married Female Academics, Organizational Alienation and Organizational Ostracism

Nazife Karadağ, Seval Kızıldağ Şahin

pp. 36 - 57

Publish Date: March 30, 2025  |   Single/Total View: 0/0   |   Single/Total Download: 0/0


Abstract

This study employed phenomenological design to analyze the family life, organizational alienation, and organizational ostracization of married female academics. The research, using one of the qualitative research methods, collected data from 12 married women working as academics in public universities utilizing purposeful sampling. The content analysis method was used to analyze the data. The study revealed that married woman academics experience career stagnation, more stressful work-life, more personal sacrifice, and the need for supportive factors such as spousal support and family support in their professional lives due to their family responsibilities. The study has concluded that married female academics exhibit certain negative perceptions of alienation. Specifically, they feel disempowered and isolated, while finding some sense of meaning and freedom in their work. The implications of these findings are discussed in light of the relevant literature, and recommendations are provided to aid further research in this area.

Keywords: Female academics, family relations, organizational alienation, organizational ostracization.


How to Cite this Article?

APA 7th edition
Karadag, N., & Sahin, S.K. (2025). Family Relationships of Married Female Academics, Organizational Alienation and Organizational Ostracism. Base for Electronic Educational Sciences, 6(1), 36-57.

Harvard
Karadag, N. and Sahin, S. (2025). Family Relationships of Married Female Academics, Organizational Alienation and Organizational Ostracism. Base for Electronic Educational Sciences, 6(1), pp. 36-57.

Chicago 16th edition
Karadag, Nazife and Seval Kizildag Sahin (2025). "Family Relationships of Married Female Academics, Organizational Alienation and Organizational Ostracism". Base for Electronic Educational Sciences 6 (1):36-57.

References

    Abasli, K. (2018). Örgütsel dışlanma, işe yabancılaşma ve örgütsel sinizm ilişkisine yönelik öğretmen görüşleri [Teachers' views on the relationship between organisational exclusion, job alienation and organisational cynicism]. (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis). Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.

    Abasli, K., & Ozdemir, M. (2019). Örgütsel dışlanma ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi: geçerlilik ve güvenirlilik çalışması. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 21(1), 265-282. https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.481620

    Abu Saa, J. W. & Abu Samra, M. A. (2019). The Reasons of job alienation among the faculty members of Hebron & Al-Quds Universities. World Journal of Education, 9(2), 65-72. https://doi.org/10.5430/wje.v9n2p65JO

    Acker, S.& Armenti, C. (2004). Sleepless in Aacademia. Gender and Education, 16 (1), 3-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/0954025032000170309

    Allen, T. G., & Flood, C. T. (2018). The experiences of women in higher education: who knew there wasn't a sisterhood? Leadership and Research in Education, 4, 10-27.

    Atmaca, T. (2020). Öğretmenlerin kişilik tipleri ile mesleğe yabancılaşma arasındaki ilişki [The relationship between teachers' personality types and alienation from the profession]. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(1), 491-506. https://dx.doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2020.20.52925-613930

    Aytac, M., Aytac, S., Firat, Z., Bayram, N., Keser, A. (2001). Akademisyenlerin çalışma yaşamı ve kariyer sorunları [Working life and career problems of academicians]. Bursa: Uludağ Üniversitesi Araştırma Fonu İşletme Müdürlüğü.

    Baruch, Y., & Hall, D. T. (2004). Preface for the JVB special issue on careeers in academia. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 64, 237-240. https://doi.org /10.1016/j.jvb.2002.12.001

    Bashir, I. & Khalil, U. (2017). Instructional leadership at university level in Pakistan: amulti variable based comparative study of leadership styles of heads of academic departments. Bulletin of Education and Research, 39 (1), 175-186.

    Basurto-Barcia, J.& Ricaurte-Quijano, C. (2017). Women in tourism: gender (in)equalities in university teaching and research. Anatolia, 28 (4), 567-581. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2017.1370781

    Basarir, F., Sari, M. (2015). Kadın akademisyenlerin “Kadın akademisyen olmaya ilişkin algılarının metaforlar yoluyla incelenmesi [Investigation of women academicians’ perceptions regarding “being a woman academician” through metaphors]. Journal of Higher Education & Science, 5(1), 41-51.

    Belkis, O. (2016). Anneliğin akademik kariyer gelişimine etkileri üzerine nitel bir araştırma [A qualitative study on the effects of motherhood on academic career development.]. Eğitim ve Öğretim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5 (4), 250-263.

    Bilal, A. R., Fatima, T., Imran, M. K., & Iqbal, K. (2021). Is it my fault and how will I react? A phenomenology of perceived causes and consequences of workplace ostracism. European Journal of Management and Business Economics, 30(1), 36-54.

    Birch, D. A. (1998). Identifying sources of social support. The Journal of School Health, 68(4), 159-161. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.1998.tb06335.x

    Choi, Y. (2021). Workplace ostracism and work-to-family conflict among female employees: moderating role of perceived organisational support. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 29(2), 436-449. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-04-2020-2143

    Chung, Y. W., & Yang, J. Y. (2017). The mediating effects of organization-based self-esteem for the relationship between workplace ostracism and workplace behaviors. Baltic Journal of Management, 12(2), 255-270. https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-06-2016-0130

    Collins, H. (1997). Collins Cobuild; new Student’s Dictionary. New edition. London: Cobuild Series.

    Caglayan, K. (2015). Üniversitede kadın akademisyenlik [Women academics at university]. Türkiye Tohumcular Birliği Dergisi, 16, 22-24.

    Cakir, I., Arslan, R. (2018). Türkiye’deki üniversitelerde kadın akademisyenlerin karşılaştıkları sorunlar ve Bartın Üniversitesi’nde çalışan kadın akademisyenler üzerine bir araştırma [The problems faced by women academics in universities in Turkey and a research on women academics working at Bartın University]. Bartın Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9 (18), 265 – 280.

    Dagli, A., & Averbek, E. (2017). Investigating organizational alienation behavior in terms of some variables. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 5(2), 228-237. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2017.050208

    Dikmen, N., Maden, D. (2012). A research on the invisible labour of women academics: the case of Ordu University. Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi, 4(2), 235-250.

    Elma, C. (2003). Work alienation of primary school teachers. (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis). Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara.

    Elmas Atay, S., Gerçek, M. (2021). A qualitative research from woman academics’ perspective]. Balıkesir University the Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 24 (45), 203-241. https://doi.org/10.31795/baunsobed.865298

    Emir, S. (2012). Ortaöğretim öğretmenlerinin yabancılaşma düzeyleri [Alienation levels of secondary school teachers]. (Unpublished Master Thesis), Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Aydın.

    Erdemli, Ö., Kurum, G. (2019). Okul yöneticisi ve öğretmenlerin gözünden okulda dışlanma: nedenleri ve sonuçları. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 36 (2), 350-368, https://doi.org/10.16986/HUJE.2019051589

    Ergöl, Ş., Koc, G., Eroglu, K., Taskin, L. (2012). Türkiye’de kadın araştırma görevlilerinin ev ve iş yaşamlarında karşılaştıkları güçlükler. Yükseköğretim ve Bilim Dergisi, 2 (1), 43­49.

    Eryilmaz, A. & Burgaz, B. (2011). Lise öğretmenlerinin örgütsel yabancılaşma düzeyleri [Levels of organizational alienation for private and state high school teachers]. Eğitim ve Bilim [Education and Science]36 (161), 271-286.

    Erzeybek, B., Gokcearslan-Ciftci, E. (2019) Akademisyen kadınların toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri ve evlilik uyumu [Gender roles and marital adjustment of academic women]. Sosyal Çalışma Dergisi, 3 (1) 61-80.

    Ferris, D. L., Brown, D. J., Berry, J. W., & Lian, H. (2008). The development and validation of the Workplace Ostracism Scale. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(6), 1348. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012743

    Fiset, J., Al Hajj, R., & Vongas, J. G. (2017). Workplace ostracism seen through the lens of power. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1528. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01528

    Forster, N. (2001). A case study of women academics’ views on equal opportunities, career prospects and work-family conflicts in a UK university. Career Development International, 6(1), 28- 38. https://doi.org/10.1108/09649420010378124

    Gornall, L. & Salisbury, J. (2012). Compulsive working, ‘hyperprofessionality’ and the unseen pleasures of academic work. Higher Education Quarterly, 66(2), 135–154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2273.2012.00512.x

    Hablemitoglu, S., Gonen, E., Ozmete, E. (2004). İş ve aile yaşamının dengelenmesi akademisyen kadınlar üzerinde bir araştırma [A research on academic women balancing work and family life]. İstanbul: Toplumsal Dönüşüm Yayınları.

    Inandi, Y., Tunc, B., Kilavuz, T. (2018). Women's career barriers and professional alienation: the teachers’ case in Turkey. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 10(3), 133-146.

    https://doi.org/10.15345/iojes.2018.03.009

    Irey, Ç. (2011). Türkiye üniversitelerinde kadın emek gücü, Selçuk Üniversitesi kadın akademisyenler üzerine bir araştırma [Women's labour power in Turkish universities, a study on women academics at Selçuk University]. (Unpublished Master Thesis). Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Konya.

    Kaya, E., & Demir, Z. (2022). Organizational commitment of female academics: The effects of family support. Journal of Work and Human Studies, 10(3), 112-128.

    Kahraman L., Kahraman, A.B., Ozansoy, N., Akıllı, H., Kekillioğlu, A., Özcan, A. (2014) Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi toplumsal cinsiyet algısı araştırması. Turkish Studies 9/2, 811–31.

    Karakus, H. (2016). Delik Boru: Türkiye’deki akademisyen kadınlar üzerine bir analiz. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 53 (2), 533-556.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.9761/JASSS3635

    King, E. B., Bodsford, W. E., & Huffman, A. H. (2009). Work, family, and organizational advancement: does balance support the perceived advancement of mothers? Sex Roles, 61, 879­891. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-009-9692-7

    Kucuksen, K., Kaya, S. D. (2016). Yönetici pozisyonundaki akademisyen kadınlarda aile-iş-özel yaşam dengesi [Family-work-private life balance in academic women in managerial positions]. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 4(37), 662-674. https://doi.org/10.16992/ASOS.11807

    Liu, H.L., & Xia, H.S. (2016). Workplace ostracism: A review and directions for future research. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 4, 197-201. https://doi.org/10.4236/jhrss.2016.43022

    McKinlay, J. B., & Marceau, L. (2011). New wine in an old bottle: does alienation provide an explanation of the origins of physician discontent? International Journal of Health Services, 41(2). https://doi.org/301-335. 10.2190/HS.41.2.g

    Mihciokur, S. & N. B. Aykut. (2009). Halk sağlığı ile ilgili güncel sorunlar ve yaklaşımlar. Ankara Tabip Odası: Ankara.

    Miles, M. & Huberman, A. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Nasir, N., Khaliq, C. A. & Rehman, M. (2017). An empirical study on the resilience of emotionally intelligent teachers to ostracism and counter productive work behaviors in context of the higher educational sector of Pakistan. Global Management Journal for Academic and Corporate Studies 7 (1), 130-139.

    Neale, J. & Ozkanlı, O. (2010). Organisational barriers for women in senior management: a comparison of Turkish and New Zealand Universities. Gender and Education, 22(5), 547-563. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540250903524113

    OECD. (2020). Gender equality. OECD. Retrieved March 21, 2025, from https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/gender-equality.html

    O'reilly, J. A. N. E., & Robınson, S. L. (2009). The negative impact of ostracism on thwarted belongingness and workplace contributions. Academy of Management Proceedings, 1, 1-7.

    Oner, N. S., & Akyol, B. (2022). Akademik personelde algılanan aşırı vasıflılık ve örgütsel dışlanma ilişkisi. Yildiz Journal of Educational Research, 7(2), 165-174.

    http://doi.org/10.14744/yjer.2022.015

    Orucu, E., Kilic, R., Kilic, T. (2007). Cam tavan sendromu ve kadınların üst düzey yönetici pozisyonuna yükselmelerindeki engeller: Balıkesir ili örneği [Glass ceiling syndrome and barriers to women's promotion to senior management positions: The case of Balıkesir province]. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 14(2),117-135.

    Ozkanlı, O., Korkmaz, A. (2000). Kadın akademisyenler [Women academicians]. Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Yayını, 586.

    Özdemir, A., & Yıldız, T. (2021). Being a woman in academia: Organizational alienation and social support. Journal of Women and Society Studies, 6(4), 55-79.

    Savigny, H. (2014) Women, know your limits: Cultural academia. Gender and Education, 26(7), 794-809.

    Seeman, M. (1967). On the personal consequences of alienation in work. American Sociological Review, 32(2), 273–285. https://doi.org/10.2307/2091817

    Shajıei, S. (1983). A Marxist Approach to the Problem of Alienation. (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation), Kansas State University, Department of Sociology, Kansas.

    Shepard, J. M. (1971). Automation and alienation: A study of office and factory workers. Massachussets: The MIT Press.

    Sherratt, S. (2021). Workplace ostracism in academia. Australian Universities Review, 63(2), 35-43.

    Sookoo, N. (2014). Perceptions of injusticeand alienation dynamıcs within the workplace. Journal of the Department of Behavioural Sciences, 3 (1), 81-99

    Suárez-Mendoza, M. J., & Zoghbi-Manrique-de-Lara, P. (2008). The impact of work alienation on organizational citizenship behavior in the Canary Islands. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 15(1), 56-76. https://doi.org/10.1108/19348830710860156

    Toffoletti, K. &Starr, K. (2016). Women academics and work–life balance gendered discourses of work and care. Gender, Work & Organization 23(5), 489-504. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12133

    Tutar, H., Ozturk Baspinar, N., Guler, S. (2021). A phenomenological study on the antecedents and consequences of organisational exclusion]. Journal of Qualitative Research in Education, 28, 331-350. https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.1084077

    Uğur, S. B. (2014). Günümüzde kadının boşanma deneyimleri: Akademisyen kadınlar üzerine bir araştırma. Mediterranean Journal of Humanities, 5(2), 293-326.

    UNESCO. (2020). Global education monitoring report 2020: Inclusion and education: All means all. UNESCO. Retrieved March 21, 2025, from https://gem-report-2020.unesco.org/

    Uslukaya, A. & Demirtaş, Z. (2020). Öğretmen algılarına göre işyerinde dışlama: eğitim kurumlarında nitel bir araştırma [Teacher perceptions of exclusion in the workplace: a qualitative study in educational institutions]. Eğitim ve İnsani Bilimler Dergisi: Teori ve Uygulama, 11(22), 229-256.

    Williams, K. D. (2009). Ostracism: a temporal need-threat model, in Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, ed. M. P. Zanna (San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press), 275–314.

    Wolf­Wendel, L. E., & Ward, K. (2006). Academic life and motherhood: Variations by Institutional Type. Higher Education, 52, 487­52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-005-0364-4

    World Economic Forum. (2022). Global gender gap report 2022. World Economic Forum. Retrieved March 21, 2025, from https://www.weforum.org/publications/global-gender-gap-report-2022/

    Yaakobi, E., & Williams, K. D. (2016). Recalling an attachment event moderates distress after ostracism. European Journal of Personality, 30(3), 258-273. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2050

    Yakut, S., Yakut, İ. (2018). Öğretmenlerde psikolojik iyi oluş ve iş yerinde dışlanma ilişkisi. Turkish Studies, 13(18), 1357-1376. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.13883

    Yıldırım, A., Şimşek, H. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri [Qualitative Research Methods In Social Sciences]. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.

    Zimmerman, C.A., Carter-Sowell, A. R., Xu, X. (2016). Examining workplace ostracism experiences in academia: understanding how differences in the faculty ranks influence inclusive climates on campus. Front. Psychology, 7, 753. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00753